The Leiden Declaration on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics

As the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematical research expands, the Leiden Declaration has been released, addressing the impact of AI systems on mathematical research practices. The declaration was drafted following a 2025 Lorentz Center workshop in Leiden and consultation with an international group of researchers.

Key Concerns:

• Ways in which AI is used in mathematics, including the formalisation of proofs.
• The reliability of automatically generated outputs.
• Issues of copyright and attribution for results derived using trained proprietary models.
• The impact of new tools on publishing practices and peer review.

Recommendations by Audience:

• Researchers: Disclose the use of AI tools, take responsibility for the accuracy of results, and perform proper citation.
• Professional and funding bodies: Establish policies on the use of AI in publishing and review, and maintain existing verification standards.
• Policymakers: Pursue regulation, invest in public infrastructure, and draw on expert advice to evaluate performance claims made about AI systems.