How Amazon tracks carbon intensity across its operations

To achieve Net-zero by 2040, Amazon is going beyond simply measuring total emissions and introducing Carbon Intensity measurement methods optimized for each business unit.

Carbon intensity refers to emissions per unit of activity, and Amazon uses the following sector-specific metrics for this purpose.

• Electricity: CO2 equivalent per MWh
• Buildings: Emissions per area (sq ft)
• Transportation: Emissions per distance (km)
• Retail: Emissions per unit shipped

In particular, through 'emissions per unit shipped,' a key metric for retail operations, Amazon directly measures logistics efficiency. By adopting low-carbon fuels, electric vehicles (EVs), smart route optimization, and lightweight packaging, Amazon has reduced its carbon intensity per unit by 39% as of the end of 2025 compared to 2019.

Amazon has a broad value chain extending beyond logistics into cloud, manufacturing, and satellites, giving its decarbonization strategy the potential to spread across the entire supply chain and multiple industries.